Our students read modules from 6 major categories listed below. Click on an LumiNUS link to see historical course details, or access the following document for a full list of courses. Note that some modules are listed under more than one category.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPDF\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHistory of Philosophy\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tValue Theory\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMetaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAsian and Comparative Philosophy\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLogic and Philosophy of Science\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVariable \/ Others\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-2-5; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2027 & SN2273; Cross-listing(s): GEK2027 & SN2273<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This course is designed to survey the history of Indian philosophy both classical and modern. The course will begin with lectures on the Rig Veda and the Upanishads. It will proceed with the presentation of the main metaphysical and epistemological doctrines of some of the major schools of classical Indian philosophy such as Vedanta, Samkhya, Nyaya, Jainism and Buddhism. The course will conclude by considering the philosophical contributions of some of the architects of modern India such as Rammohan Ray, Rabindrananth Tagore and Mohandas Gandhi. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy, Asian, Comparative<\/p>\n Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2028; Cross-listing(s): GEK2028<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This course looks at the beginnings of modern Western philosophy in the seventeenth century, when philosophers conceived of themselves as breaking away from authority and tradition. It will deal with central themes from the thought of Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, Leibniz and Spinoza; in particular, the attempt to provide foundations for knowledge and science. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language<\/p>\n Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Two major philosophers are studied in this module: David Hume, in the first half, and Immanuel Kant, in the second. We will try to determine what each philosopher’s fundamental approach to philosophy consists in, and how it gives rise to his views on the nature of causation, the external world, the self, and the limits of knowledge. As Kant’s first Critique was a response to Hume’s philosophical scepticism, we will pay close attention to his diagnoses of Hume’s difficulties and his proposed solutions. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language<\/p>\n Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-2-5; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): EU2214 & GEK2030; Cross-listing(s): EU2214 & GEK2030<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n An introduction to some of the main figures and movements of Continental European Philosophy. The purpose is to provide a broad synoptic view of the Continental tradition with special attention paid to historical development. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy<\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-2-5; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): EU2222; Cross-listing(s): EU2222<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module attempts to trace an intellectual dialogue between two central traditions in twentieth-century European philosophy: the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory and post-Heideggerian Hermeneutics. The module will provide an introduction to the main thinkers of both traditions: we will examine essays of Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse for the Frankfurt School and excerpts from Martin Heidegger, Hans Georg Gadamer and Paul Riceour for the Hermeneuticists. We will also examine different conceptualisations of reason and how both schools are shaped by their attempts to grapple with and respond to the implications of understanding reason as a practice conditioned by particular histories and forms of life. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-3-4; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2036 & PH3209; Cross-listing(s): GEK2036<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Socrates and Plato stand at the source of the Western Philosophical tradition. Alfred Whitehead said that “the safest general characterisation of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.” Through a close reading and analysis of several representative Platonic dialogues, this module introduces the student to the philosophy of Plato and Socrates (Plato’s teacher and main interlocutor in his dialogues), and prepares him\/her for PH 3222 on Aristotle’s philosophy and the Honours seminar on Greek Thinkers. The module may include material on earlier Philosophy forming the background to Socrates and Plato. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-3-4; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2038 & PH2205; Cross-listing(s): GEK2038<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This is the first half of a two-part course which offers an introduction to philosophical debate in the Warring States period of ancient China, the Classical Age of Chinese Philosophy and the seedbed from which grew all of the native currents of thought that survived from traditional China. It will begin by considering the intellectual-historical background to the ancient philosophies and focus primarily on the Confucius (the Analects), Mozi, Yang Zhu, Mencius and Laozi, closing with a brief introduction to some of the later developments that will be covered more fully in Part II. The approach of the course will be both historical and critical, and we will attempt to both situate Classical Chinese philosophical discourse in its intellectual-historical context and to bring out its continuing relevance. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy, Asian, Comparative<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-3-4; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2039; Cross-listing(s): GEK2039<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This is the first half of a two-part course on Chinese Philosophy. This module surveys the philosophical discourse of the period from early Han dynasty up to the close of the Tang dynasty. We begin by considering the philosophical developments in Confucianism and Xuan Xue thought. Then, we turn to the arrival of Buddhism in China and survey the transformations in Chinese Buddhist philosophy through the Tang. We will treat these thinkers and their ideas in their proper historical contexts and evaluate their philosophies critically. We will also address and assess the relevance of these ideas to contemporary philosophical debates. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy, Asian, Comparative<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-1-6; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): EU3227; Cross-listing(s): EU3227<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Using Existentialism as a springboard, the module discusses recent movements in Continental Philosophy. Objectives: (i) Introduce major movements in Continental Philosophy; (ii) Promote understanding of the characteristics of Continental Philosophy; (iii) Encourage further study in Continental Philosophy. Topics include existentialism, structuralism and post-structuralism. Target students include all those wanting to major in philosophy and those wanting to have some knowledge of European philosophy. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): One PH module; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module deals with philosophy by women (e.g. Christine de Pisan, Hildegaard von Bingen, Mary Wollstonecraft, Ban Zhao, Iris Murdoch, Martha Nussbaum) and philosophy about women, to counter the perceived neglect of these in many philosophical discourses. Students are encouraged to reflect critically about their own experiences as men and women who live in a gendered world, to think through the implications of gender: how women’s experience may challenge some fundamental assumptions regarding human nature, femininity and masculinity, sexuality and the body, public and private life, subjectivity and representation. We will explore how these challenges to philosophy may be met. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-3-4; Prerequisite(s): PH2222; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Aristotle is one of the two most important ancient Greek philosophers. This module complements the Level-2000 module, PH 2222 Greek Philosophy (Socrates and Plato), and adds to the preparation for the Honours seminar on Greek Thinkers. Readings will be selected from various works representing the wide range of Aristotle’s philosophical interests and achievements. In-depth exploration of a specific area (e.g. metaphysics, or ethics) or topic (e.g. theory of the soul or practical wisdom) will focus on one or two key texts. The module may include later Hellenistic philosophy (e.g. Epicureanism, stoicism, or scepticism) or contemporary development of Aristotle’s philosophy. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Pre-requisite(s): Must have completed a minimum of 4 MCs in PH. ; Preclusion(s): Nil ;Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Kant is widely regarded as one of the greatest philosophers, if not the greatest, and his Critique of Pure Reason is widely considered his greatest work. This course will delve into this work, entering into the intricate framework of Kant’s Transcendental Idealism. Major topics include Space and Time, the Categories, the Analogies (focusing on causation) and the Antinomies (focusing on the issue of freedom). Although the course focuses primarily on Kant’s metaphysics and epistemology, this grounding is expected to improve one’s understanding of the basis of Kant’s ethics, particularly when dealing with the Transcendental Dialectic.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-3-4; Prerequisite(s): PH2301; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This is the second part of a two part course which offers an introduction to philosophical debate in the Warring States period of ancient China, the Classical Age of Chinese Philosophy and the seedbed from which grew all of the native currents of thought that survived from traditional China. Continuing from Part I, we will be discussing Later Mohist Logic, Gongsun Long and other ‘Sophists’, Zhuangzi, Xunzi and Hanfeizi in this module. The approach of the course will be both historical and critical, and we will attempt to both situate Classical Chinese philosophical discourse in its intellectual-historical context and to bring out its continuing relevance. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy, Asian, Comparative<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-3-4; Prerequisite(s): PH2302; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This second half of a two-part course on Chinese Philosophical Traditions focuses on Early Modern Chinese Philosophy. This module focuses on the changes in the Confucian tradition between the late Tang through the Qing. We cover the main figures in Neo-Confucianism, and examine in detail the philosophies of Zhu Xi (1130-1200) and Wang Yangming (1472-1529). We close with a discussion of the philological turn in the Qing dynasty. We treat these thinkers and their ideas in their proper historical contexts and evaluate their philosophies critically. We also address and assess the relevance of these ideas to contemporary philosophical debates. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy, Asian, Comparative<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 5; Workload: 0-3-0-0-9.5; Prerequisite(s): Cohort 2012-2014: Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH or 28 MCs in EU\/LA(French\/German)\/recognized modules or 28 MCs in GL\/GL recognized non-language modules, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track. Cohort 2015 onwards: Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH or 28 MCs in EU\/LA(French\/German\/Spanish)\/recognized modules or 28 MCs in GL\/GL recognized non-language modules, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track.; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n An examination of selected texts from the pre-Socratic philosophers, Plato, Aristotle, as well as philosophers of the Stoic, Epicurean and Sceptic schools of thought. The emphasis may vary from year to year, and may focus on ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, logic, or philosophy of mind. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 5; Workload: 0-3-0-0-9.5; Prerequisite(s): Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH or 28 MCs in GL\/GL recognized non-language modules, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track.; Preclusion(s): EU4223; Cross-listing(s): EU4223<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n The module examines at least one recent movement in Continental European Philosophy. Recently, the module has been concerned with Philosophical Hermeneutics. Objectives: (i) Promote understanding of the main arguments in one or more of the recent movements in Continental Philosophy; (ii) Familiarise students with the main debates; (iii) Encourage further work in Continental Philosophy. Topics covered include hermeneutics, Critical Theory and post-structuralism. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 5; Workload: 0-3-0-0-9.5; Prerequisite(s): Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track.; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module aims to examine specific philosophical topics or issues (e.g. causation, the nature of mind, moral motivation) from a historical perspective. The topics or issues in question may be examined within the framework of different philosophical traditions (e.g. Chinese, Indian and Western), or across traditions. It is aimed at providing philosophy students with an understanding and appreciation of the history of the discipline, so that they gain a wider perspective, and can better locate current philosophical debates in the context of broader movements in intellectual history. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 0-3-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Offered to Graduate students only and admission of others by permission of instructor; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n The module will intensively study a major movement in twentieth century Continental Philosophy. The module will consider phenomenology, hermeneutics, deconstruction or postmodernism. Other topics from the Continental tradition or a combination of more than one topic may also be considered under exceptional circumstances. Focus will be on the historical development and contemporary uses of the movement under consideration. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 0-3-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Offered to Graduate students only and admission of others by permission of instructor.; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This course deals with specific topics of current interest and controversy in Western philosophy. The topics to be discussed may be in, but are not limited to, philosophy of science, philosophy of language, philosophy of psychology, epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, or social and political philosophy.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 0-3-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Offered to Graduate students only and admission of others by permission of instructor.; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This course will intensively examine a historical period in Philosophy. Historical traditions that may be studied may include (but are not restricted to) Greek Philosophy, Medieval Philosophy, Early Modern Philosophy, Twentieth-Century Analytic Philosophy, Twentieth Century Continental Philosophy, and Non-Western Philosophy. The course will especially attend to major philosophical problems that define each of these historical frameworks. The relations between the major thinkers of the period under consideration will be profiled.<\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 0-3-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Offered to Graduate students only and admission of others by permission of instructor. ; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n The module will intensively examine philosophical traditions from the histories of Chinese or Indian Philosophy. Traditions may include (but is not restricted to) Confucianism, Taoism, neo-Confucianism, Legalism from Chinese Philosophy and Vedanta, Indian Buddhism, Nyaya, modern Indian philosophy from the Indian tradition. The emphasis will be on the building of a solid foundation in the philosophical grammar of a non-Western philosophical tradition. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy, Asian, Comparative<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module will introduce students to some of the major political philosophers in the Western tradition by examining their different views on such issues as the nature and basis of justice, its relation to equality and liberty, the justification of the state, and the basis of political obligation. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Description: This module will introduce students to some of the major moral philosophers in the Western tradition by examining their different approaches to the question of what we should do or how we should be, including deontological, consequentialist and virtue-based approaches. We will critically analyze these philosophers’ approaches using historical and contemporary sources. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2029; Cross-listing(s): GEK2029<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module considers some of the significant normative ethical theories in the history of moral philosophy and examines how their principles may be applied to ethical issues of practical concern. There is a wide range of topics that are typically understood to come under the category of applied ethics. These include ethical issues pertaining to the family, food, race relations, poverty, punishment, conduct in war, professional conduct in general, and so on. The specific topics to be dealt with may vary from semester to semester, and the selection will be announced at the start of the semester in which the module is offered. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2002; Cross-listing(s): GEK2002<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Art and aesthetics raises deep philosophical puzzles. Sunsets are beautiful because they’re pleasing. But they seem pleasing because they’re beautiful. Gallaries display some things because they’re art. But some things are art because gallaries display them. Just as the Mona Lisa resembles Lisa, she resembles it. But she does not represent it as it represents her. When one watches a horror film one feels fear, but one does not run away. When one listens to instrumental music one feels sad, but there’s nothing one is sad about. This course addresses the central philosophical questions with which these puzzles are entangled.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2031 & UPI2205; Cross-listing(s): GEK2031<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module will provide an introduction to some standard accounts of how humans ought to relate to the natural environment. We begin by examining the issue of whether only humans are entitled to moral consideration, and go on to consider what other objects might be deserving of such consideration. We then explore how our attitude towards the natural world is shaped by what we take to be morally considerable. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2033; Cross-listing(s): GEK2033<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module will help students identify and think critically about the ethical dimensions of markets and business organizations and provide tools for making informed and ethically responsible decisions relating to workplace issues. Specific topics may include justifications for free markets and government intervention, corporate governance and economic democracy, managerial compensation, price discrimination, hiring discrimination, employment at will, privacy and safety in the workplace, advertising, product liability, the environment, whistle-blowing, and international business. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2034; Cross-listing(s): GEK2034<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module is a study of the different ways societies organize their political, economic, and other social institutions, with an emphasis on the philosophical principles that justify (or don’t) alternative social arrangements. Topics will include different systems of social organization (capitalism, socialism, and democracy), specific policies (taxation, redistribution), and related normative concepts and theories (feminism, individualism, collectivism, community, freedom, equality, rule of law). Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2035 & PH2208 (only semester 1, AY2008\/09); Cross-listing(s): GEK2035<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module will help students identify and think critically about the ethical dimensions of the medical profession and the provision of medical care and provide tools for making informed and ethically responsible decisions relating to healthcare issues. Specific topics may include the ethics of abortion, euthanasia, physician assisted suicide, physician-patient relationships, organ procurement, bio-medical research, etc. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-2-1-4; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2040 & PH2880A; Cross-listing(s): GEK2040<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n “Philosophy and Film” means, in part, philosophy of film, in part, philosophy in film. Philosophy of film is a sub-branch of aesthetics; many questions and puzzles about the nature and value of art have filmic analogues. (Plato’s parable of the cave is, in effect, the world’s first philosophy of film.) Philosophy in film concerns films that may be said to express abstract ideas, even arguments. (Certain films may even be thought-experiments, in effect.) Questions: are philosophical films good films? Are they good philosophy? The module is intended for majors but – film being a popular medium – will predictably appeal to non-majors as well. (This module is offered as special topics only) Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): LL4639E, LL4404 or an equivalent course; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module examines the relationship between law and morality. Is there a necessary connection between law and morality? Must a valid law, or legal system, satisfy certain minimal moral requirements? Is there a moral obligation to obey a valid law, irrespective of its content, or is there a significant difference between moral obligation and legal obligation? How should a judge decide hard cases where no legal rule applies? Should these decisions be based on sound moral considerations? The module will discuss these issues in the light of contemporary debates in legal and political theory, and in the context of some important texts. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module is concerned with an area in Moral Philosophy called ‘meta-ethics’. Meta-ethics is a discussion of the nature of ethics. It is a second-order, reflective activity about ethics, and not a first-order discussion of the rights and wrongs of particular issues within ethics. Beginning with non-naturalism, the module proceeds to discuss emotivism, prescriptivism, descriptivism or naturalism, culminating in current discussion of moral realism. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module focuses on the ways in which modern science and technology impact on the forms-of-life which cultures and societies have built up for their collective self-understanding and biological survival. Issues in epistemology and how changes in the concept of “reason” have contributed to the project of modernity will be explored. The role of technology in its simultaneous creation and destruction of social-material wealth will also be considered. This discussion will be tied to an examination of certain key issues in environmental ethics, social theory, and cultural studies. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n The course will consider, side by side, certain `philosophical’ works of literature and more orthodox philosophical works. The idea is to explore the ways and degrees to which it makes sense – also, the ways and degrees to which it does not make sense – to say that this work of fiction (a novel, say) is really about the same thing that this philosophical text is about. Turning the point around: when philosophers – like Plato or Nietzsche – employ literary techniques more characteristic of fiction, what philosophical work is hereby done? Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module examines how various traditions, both East and West, perceive the relationship between humans and the natural world. It will compare how, e.g., Christianity, the secular West, Hinduism, Taoism and Confucianism conceive of this relation. Commonalities and differences in the respective approaches will be discussed and highlighted. Sub-area(s): Value Theory, Asian, Comparative<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module is a study of the main contending contemporary views about goodness and virtue, principles of moral evaluation, and moral decision-making. These include deontological, consequentialist, and contemporary virtue-based and contractarian theories. Emphasis will be placed on securing a thorough understanding the arguments used to derive fundamental moral principles and to justify claims about our moral obligations. Such study aims to reveal the kinds of issues that are involved in analyzing what constitutes rational considerations for moral action, and the strengths and weaknesses of the rival theories. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 5; Workload: 0-3-0-0-9.5; Prerequisite(s): Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH or 28 MCs in PS, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track.; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module will discuss some of the central issues in political philosophy such as the basis and limits of toleration and individual liberty, the importance of a shared morality, and the role of the state in meeting the claims of different conceptions of what a worthwhile life should be. In plural societies, with a diversity of different values, what would be a fair basis for social co-operation? Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 5; Workload: 0-3-0-0-9.5; Prerequisite(s): Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH or 28 MCs in NM, or 28MCs in PS, with a minimum CAP of 3.20 or be on the Honours track.; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module examines different issues in meta-ethics or normative ethics. It asks questions such as: Can ought be derived from is? Are there natural laws? Is morality about an agent’s character or actions? Are actions morally justified by consequences or compliance with moral laws or principles? It may also examine and assess different schools of moral philosophy, such as utilitarianism, Kantian ethics or virtue ethics, or a current debate among moral philosophers, for example, the nature and role of intuition, or emotions, in acting morally. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 5; Workload: 0-3-0-0-9.5; Prerequisite(s): Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track.; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module will involve a critical and thorough discussion of specific topics in environmental philosophy. These may include topics in both Eastern and Western environmental traditions. Examples of topics that may be discussed are: the ethical problem of future generations, intrinsic values in nature, varieties of eco-feminism, and ecology in Neo-Confucian thought. Environmental issues are now in the forefront of global attention. Our current environmental problems may arguably be said to ultimately trace their roots to (implicit) metaphysical assumptions, to cultural or religious attitudes towards the natural world, to ethical perspectives that do not accord moral consideration to non-humans. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 5; Workload: 0-3-0-0-9.5; Prerequisite(s): Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track.; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module will explore in depth an advanced topic in aesthetics. Possible topics are the ontology of art, the nature of the imagination, the definition of art, subjectivism about beauty, relativism about taste, or the appreciation of nature. Alternatively, we may consider the aesthetics of a particular artform, such as music, film, fiction, painting or dance, or of a particular philosopher, such as Immanuel Kant or Nelson Goodman. Finally, we may consider issues that arise at the intersection of aesthetics and other areas in philosophy, such as the debate over fictionalism in metaphysics.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 0-3-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module invites students to engage in normative thinking about a range of issues related to politics, most of which have to do with questions about the legitimate exercise of political power. We will consider liberal views of political legitimacy and various criticisms of these views. These debates concern issues such as liberty, equality, moral values, and rights. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 0-3-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Offered to Graduate students only and admission of others by permission of instructor; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n The module will focus on the sustained study of ethical theory involving one or more of the following four theoretical approaches to ethics: Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue Theory and Contractarianism. If necessary, the module may additionally study applications of the theory\/ theories to a variety of applied issues. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 0-3-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil (Those who are not graduate students in NUS’s Dept. of Phil. must obtain instructor’s approval.); Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module involves an advanced examination of some key ethical positions in environmental philosophy. It will focus on the meta-ethical questions raised in respect of the different ethical positions. Coverage of these positions will be both wide and deep. Sub-area(s): Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 0-3-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Offered to Graduate students only and admission of others by permission of instructor.; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module will explore in depth an advanced topic in aesthetics. Possible topics are the ontology of art, the nature of the imagination, the definition of art, subjectivism about beauty, relativism about taste, or the appreciation of nature. Alternatively, we may consider the aesthetics of a particular artform, such as music, film, fiction, painting or dance, or of a particular philosopher, such as Immanuel Kant or Nelson Goodman. Finally, we may consider issues that arise at the intersection of aesthetics and other areas in philosophy, such as the debate over fictionalism in metaphysics.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-2-1-4; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): PH2225; Cross-listing(s): GET1025<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module considers science fiction as a mode of philosophical inquiry. Science fiction stories are used to examine fundamental questions of metaphysics, epistemology and ethics. Topics include the nature of time, space, religion, nature, mind, and the future. Specific topics may include such issues as genetic enhancement, environmental ethics, and implications of encounters with non-human life forms.<\/p>\n Sub-area(s): Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): GEK2028; Cross-listing(s): GEK2028<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module looks at the beginnings of modern Western philosophy in the seventeenth century, when philosophers conceived of themselves as breaking away from authority and tradition. It will deal with central themes from the thought of Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, Leibniz and Spinoza; in particular, the attempt to provide foundations for knowledge and science. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Two major philosophers are studied in this module: David Hume, in the first half, and Immanuel Kant, in the second. We will try to determine what each philosopher’s fundamental approach to philosophy consists in, and how it gives rise to his views on the nature of causation, the external world, the self, and the limits of knowledge. As Kant’s first Critique was a response to Hume’s philosophical scepticism, we will pay close attention to his diagnoses of Hume’s difficulties and his proposed solutions. Sub-area(s): History of Philosophy, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module will introduce students to the main issues in contemporary philosophy of religion. Topics covered will be selected from the following (other topics may also be considered): arguments for the existence of God (cosmological, ontological, teleological), argument for atheism (problem of evil), religious pluralism, nature of mystical experiences, the nature of miracles, the nature of religious language. Sub-area(s): Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Broadly speaking, Metaphysics is the study of fundamental conceptual categories, including that of space and time, appearance and reality, mind and body, substance and existence, objects and their properties, and God. These concepts pertain to the structure of “ultimate reality” and generate perplexing philosophical issues, a sample of which will be discussed in this course. Some topics: the problem of universals, paradoxes of the infinite, the concept of God, paradoxes of time travel, problems of cause and effect, free will, fatalism and determinism, the mind-body problem, realism and idealism, existence, identity, and individuation, essentialism, the relation between logic and metaphysics. Sub-area(s): Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): PH3212; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n What is the nature of mind and its relation to physical body? The mental realm is among the last great unknowns in the modern view of sentient beings and their place in the Universe and is a fertile field of philosophical inquiry. This module examines central conceptual issues surrounding the idea of mind and its relation to physical body. These include the distinction between the mental and the physical, the nature of consciousness, personal identity, disembodied existence, mental representation, and the attempt to tame the mental in purely physical terms. Sub-area(s): Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Topics in the philosophy of language, especially concerning truth, meaning and reference. In particular, we will consider questions such as but not limited to whether language is mediated by convention or intention, whether understanding a language is tacitly knowing a theory of that language, whether the meaning of a name is simply its referent, whether mathematical and moral statements are true in virtue of meaning and whether sentences such as “breaking promises is wrong” are statements of moral fact or simply expressions of emotion.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): PH3211; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Epistemology is the study of knowledge. Epistemologists want to know what knowledge is, how we acquire it, and how we should respond to arguments for philosophical scepticism, according to which there is very little that we know. We shall read the works of philosophers who have grappled with such perennial issues in philosophy, and explore and discuss various theories of knowledge. Along the way, we shall also discuss related issues having to do with justification, rationality, and the reliability of memory, testimony, intuition, sensory perception, and inductive reasoning.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module looks at the development of twentieth century analytic philosophy through the works of some of its major exponents. These include Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Moore, Austin and Quine. The fundamental assumption in analytic philosophy is the idea that all philosophical problems are really problems of language and may be solved either by reformulating them in a perfect language or by a better understanding of the language that we actually speak. One of the aims of this course is to show how certain problems in ethics, metaphysics and epistemology may be solved (or dissolved) through the careful analysis of language and meaning. Sub-area(s): Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): Nil; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Epistemologists have recently been applying the tools of their trade to issues of practical import. Some examples include the issue of how to define fake news, of who to believe when purported experts disagree, of whether or why it is good to have a diversity of views, of whether stereotyping or profiling is ever epistemically beneficial when making medical diagnoses or designing algorithms, and of how we should balance any potential epistemic benefits against ethical costs in such cases. This course aims to equip students with the epistemological tools required to understand, discuss, and analyse such issues in depth.<\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): PH2241 or PH2242 or PH3210; Preclusion(s): PH3212; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n One of the main problems of consciousness concerns whether consciousness can be explained solely in terms of brain activity and the like. Some philosophers think so. After all, science has successfully explained various cognitive functions in such terms, and it’s natural to think that its success will eventually extend to consciousness. Other philosophers disagree, find it hard to fathom how consciousness can arise from the purely physical. To help us decide which answer is correct, we shall examine various important positions on the nature of consciousness including physicalism, dualism, eliminativism, and idealism.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): PH2213 or PH2241; Preclusion(s): ; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n The self is a philosophical crossroads where mind, metaphysics, and morals come together to bear on questions of profound interest to all who partake of the human condition. Topics to be covered include the spatial and temporal boundaries of the self, the rationality (or otherwise) of the fear of death, the idea that the self is an illusion, the idea that it is a social construction, and the relative importance of biology, psychology, and phenomenology to the question of who we are.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): PH2110\/GEM2006 or PH2201\/GEM2025 or PH2243 or PH3211; Preclusion(s): ; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n We often appeal to probabilistic notions in everyday life. We say things such as “it’ll probably rain later”, “it’s unlikely that an asteroid will collide with Earth any time soon”, and “There’s a chance that the restaurant will be open”. But what exactly is probability? We shall investigate various answers to this question by looking at various theories of probability, including the subjective theory, the epistemic theory, the frequency theory, and the propensity theory. Along the way, we’ll see how issues in the philosophy of probability bear on issues in the philosophy of science, metaphysics, and epistemology.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): PH2113 or PH2241 or PH2242; Preclusion(s): ; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Plato holds that the world of sensible objects is a mere shadow of an ideal realm that transcends experience. Locke maintains that sensible objects have intrinsic natures that are exhausted by a small number of basic spatial and temporal properties. Kant argues that we can never know the natures of things in themselves, beyond the fact that they give us certain sense-impressions. Mill construes a physical object as a bare propensity for sensations to occur in certain patterns. In this module, students engage with the major metaphysical systems of Western philosophy, examining how each coordinates subjective experience with objective reality.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): PH2241\/PH3212 or PH2242\/PH3210.; Preclusion(s): ; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Description: Topics at the intersection of philosophy of mind and language, such as whether thought depends on talk or vice versa, whether we think in words or images, whether those words are words of English or a sui generis mental language just for thinking, whether animals which can’t talk can think and whether the mind is like a computer. These questions are central to contemporary philosophy and language and are also an important case study in the relationship between the methods of analysis, experiment and introspection in philosophical psychology.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 4; Workload: 2-1-0-0-7; Prerequisite(s): PH2111\/GEK2048 or PH2243; Preclusion(s): ; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n Traditional epistemology has focused on the individual knower and tends to deploy conceptual analysis as the main tool for investigating the concept of knowledge. This module surveys recent challenges to this model of analyzing knowledge, which arise from two new types of epistemology: social and formal epistemology. Social epistemology places special emphasis on the uniquely social dimensions of knowledge, such as the communication of knowledge through the testimony of others. Formal epistemology complements this approach by bringing formal (e.g., probabilistic) methods to bear on such topics as corroborating and conflicting eyewitness testimony, belief polarization, and pluralistic ignorance.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 5; Workload: 0-3-0-0-9.5; Prerequisite(s): Cohort 2012-2014: Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH or 28 MCs in EU\/LA(French\/German)\/recognised modules, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track. Cohort 2015 onwards: Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH or 28 MCs in EU\/LA(French\/German\/Spanish)\/recognised modules, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track.; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This course will deal with the thought of the four major classical phenomenologists: Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Jean Paul Sartre. Readings will be selected from Husserl’s Ideas and Cartesian Meditations, Heidegger’s Being and Time, Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception and Sartre’s Being and Nothingness. Sub-area(s): Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 5; Workload: 0-3-0-0-9.5; Prerequisite(s): Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track.; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module will explore an advanced topic in epistemology in depth. Some possible topics are the problem of scepticism, including realist and anti-realist responses to it, the nature of certainty and the relationship of knowledge to chance and credence, the internalism versus externalism debate about the nature of knowledge and justification, and the definability of knowledge in terms of truth, belief, justification and their cognates. The module may also explore a problem from formal epistemology, such as the lottery paradox, the problem of logical omniscience, or probabilistic approaches to the problem of induction. Sub-area(s): Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 5; Workload: 0-3-0-0-9.5; Prerequisite(s): Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track.; Preclusion(s): Nil; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module will explore in depth an advanced topic in the philosophy of mind. Possible topics are the unity of consciousness, the relationship between consciousness and time and the relationship between phenomenology and intentionality. The course may also focus on alternative conceptions of the mind to physicalism, such as dualism, panpsychism, or phenomenalism, issues from the philosophy of perception, such as the problems of illusion, hallucination, and the inverted spectra, or issues from philosophical psychology and cognitive science, such as the modularity of mind, the nature of tacit knowledge, or the relationship between neural states and mental states. Sub-area(s): Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 5; Workload: 0-3-0-3-6.5; Prerequisite(s): Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track.; Preclusion(s): PH4210; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n The self image of human beings as morally responsible agents to which praise and blame may be legitimately ascribed and entities to which autonomy and dignity might be attributed appear conditioned upon our having a robust freedom to will and to do. But do we really have such a freedom? And just what is presupposed in the area of free will by our practice of assigning moral responsibility to each other in the first place? Through discussing a series of seminal writings on the topic, the student is introduced to the philosophical controversies in the area of freedom and moral responsibility. Sub-area(s): Metaphysics, Epistemology, Mind, Language, Value Theory<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n Modular Credits: 5; Workload: 0-3-0-0-9.5; Prerequisite(s): Completed 80 MCs, including 28 MCs in PH, with a minimum CAP of 3.2 or be on the Honours track.; Cross-listing(s): Nil<\/p>\n Description:<\/p>\n This module will explore in depth some advanced topics in metaphysics. Some possible topics include whether similar things have universals in common, whether time flows, whether past and future exist, whether a whole is something over and above the sum of its parts, whether chance is objective, whether there are other possible worlds, and whether numbers, gods, or chairs and tables exist.<\/p>\n LumiNUS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\tHistory of Philosophy\t<\/h2>\n
\n\t\t\tPH2204\/SN2273\/GEK2027 Introduction to Indian Thought\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2206\/GEK2028 Founders of Modern Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2207 Hume and Kant\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2212\/GEK2030\/EU2214 Introduction to Continental Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2219\/EU2222 Critical Theory and Hermeneutics\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2222\/GEK2036 Greek Philosophy (Socrates and Plato)\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2301 Classical Chinese Philosophy I\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2302 Chinese Philosophical Traditions I: Medieval Chinese Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3207\/EU3227 Continental European Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3217 Women in Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3222 Greek Philosophy (Aristotle)\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3261 Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3301 Classical Chinese Philosophy II\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3302 Chinese Philosophical Traditions II\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4209 Greek Thinkers\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4214 Recent Continental European Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4217 History of Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH5650\/PH5650R Topics in Continental Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH6210 Advanced Topics In Western Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH6217 Advanced Topics In History of Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH6320 Traditions in Asian Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tValue Theory\t<\/h2>\n
\n\t\t\tPH2202 Major Political Philosophers\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2203 Major Moral Philosophers\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2208\/GEK2029 Applied Ethics\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2209 Philosophy of Art\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2216 Environmental Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2218 Business Ethics\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2220 Social Philosophy and Policy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2221 Medical Ethics\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2224 Philosophy and Film\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3202 Philosophy of Law\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3203 Moral Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3213 Knowledge, Modernity and Global Change\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3214 Philosophy and Literature\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3216 Comparative Environmental Ethics\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3230 Normative Ethical Theory\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4202 Political Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4203 Issues in Moral Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4216 Topics in Environmental Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4243 Issues in Aesthetics\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH5420 Advanced Political Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH5430 Ethics\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH6216 Advanced Environmental Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH6243 Advanced Aesthetics\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMetaphysics, Epistemology, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Language\t<\/h2>\n
\n\t\t\tGEK2041\/GET1025\/GEX1011 Science Fiction and Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2206\/GEK2028 Founders of Modern Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2207 Hume and Kant\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2211 Philosophy of Religion\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2213 Metaphysics\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2241 Philosophy of Mind\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2242 Philosophy of Language\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH2243 Epistemology\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3206 Recent Philosophy\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3311 Applied Epistemology\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3241 Consciousness\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3242 The Self\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3243 Chance and Uncertainty\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3244 Appearance and Reality\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3245 Language and Thought\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH3248 Social and Formal Epistemology\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4207 Phenomenology\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4211 Issues in Epistemology\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4212 Issues in Philosophy of Mind\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4215 Freedom and Moral Responsibility\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4240 Issues in Metaphysics\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPH4242 Issues in Philosophy of Language\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t