August 10, 2021

National Day, which marks Singapore’s 1965 independence from Malaysia, is celebrated in Singapore every 9 August. The topic of nationhood is taken up through the lens of rootedness, in “Singaporean Rootedness: Taking Stock and Moving Forward”, a chapter in Singapore Perspectives 2009: The Heart of the Matter (World Scientific, 2009). A/P Tan Ern Ser (NUS Department of Sociology) examines the concept of rootedness in the context of the nation, especially where national survival and well-being is concerned. He associates rootedness with identity, a sense of belonging, and an emotional attachment. A strong rootedness to a place is thus characterised by a sense of community, of feeling like we are among friends and people who care for us, and a citizenship that sees a willingness to help and engage in building a better future.

A/P Tan believes that rootedness comes about when people can have a decent quality of life and well-being for themselves and their children. He suggests that when a sense of security and comfort is achieved, people will move from a self-interested position to one which prompts care and concern of the larger good of the community. He adds that a stronger sense of rootedness can also be built with a more affirming and encouraging culture.

The essay lays out several hypotheses on some possible barriers and facilitators to the development of rootedness in Singapore. Firstly, the over-emphasis on meritocracy and self-reliance has created an environment where Singaporeans feel like they are on their own. Secondly, the emphasis on market relations conveys a message that appears to value Singaporeans more through their economic contributions than as citizens. Thirdly, Singapore lacks a culture of affirmation, which is often dismissive of small successes; this calls for a broader definition of success and contribution. Fourthly, A/P Tan urges Singapore to think of itself less as an economy, and more as a nation and a community. Finally, the chapter addresses Singapore’s ostensibly low tolerance of differences, advocating for the acceptance of people with different viewpoints and ideas.

If anything, the chapter recognises that the global mobility of Singaporeans brings to light questions of home and rootedness, and of where acceptance and security can be found. A/P Tan concludes by commenting on the issue of foreign talent in Singapore, asserting that Singaporeans will demonstrate a generosity towards new citizens, PRs, and foreigners if and when they feel a sense of rootedness in their own country.

Learn more about the book here.