April 14, 2025

In an era characterised by constant change, the internet has ushered in a new age of digital disruptive technologies, compelling companies and individuals to innovate new models and networks. Specifically, information communication technologies (ICTs), in the form of social networking platforms and portable digital devices, have influenced how individuals consume information and communicate. This entails civilians actively participating in various social aspects, such as commerce, politics, and culture, through digital interfaces. Against this backdrop, Associate Professor Elmie Nekmat (NUS Communications and New Media) explores how this has impacted Singaporean citizens in his chapter, ‘Disruptive Technologies and Digital Citizenry: The Case for “Functioning” as and “Becoming” a Digital Citizen in Singapore’ (Social Context, Policies, and Changes in Singapore Beyond the First 50 Years, 2022).

While current government efforts primarily focus on promoting functional digital literacy through national initiatives, researchers argue that this controlled approach is limited to basic ICT functions and safety precautions. There is hence a failure to fully leverage the transformative potential of digital technologies in enhancing civic engagement and addressing socio-political issues in the online realm. Assoc. Prof Nekmat underscores how these technologies may transform apathetic individuals into active citizens that are engaged and critical about societal issues. This transformation is essential for them to solidify their connections and assert their role in Singapore’s civil society. Particularly among youths, there is a notable inclination towards non-hierarchical forms of civic engagement, rejecting traditional authority-based approaches. Leveraging ICTs, they are empowered to voice their perspectives on issues such as race, gender, and social class, and juxtapose their own values with those of others. The surge in civic participation is evident in social media-driven campaigns advocating for causes and identity movements, such as the Pink Dot movement. The online environment facilitates this engagement through various expressive features, including emotive reactions and the sharing of personalised content.

Overall, Assoc. Prof Nekmat emphasises the significant potential of digital disruptive technologies in enhancing civic participation and fostering national consciousness, rather than solely being utilised for commercial purposes. However, he also cautions against the social ramifications of freely discussing controversial issues, particularly when individuals express polarised and unsound opinions influenced by existing echo chambers, despite their strong engagement in social change movements. Looking ahead, it is imperative for the state to strike a balance between facilitating citizenship formation and implementing measures that ensure cyber safety. Additionally, efforts should be made to prevent the emergence of a fragmented society shaped by polarising foreign influences from cyberspace.

Read the chapter here.